#108Bio pesticides: Neem tree leaf extract
108⸱AConcept
- Reduces insect pests
- Reduces coffee mortality
- Increases the coffee yield
- Improves coffee quality
Neem tree leaf extract (Azadirachta indica) can be used as a bio pesticide. It has been shown to be effective against Mealybugs (Pseudococcidae), Antestia bug (Antestiopsis spp.), and Coffee Leaf Miner (Leucoptera coffeella). It is a broad-spectrum repellent that enhances the efficacy of other pesticides, prevents fungal and viral infections, and remains safe for pollinators and users, making it a versatile agrochemical additive.
In Tanzania (Mbeya/Songwe), botanical aqueous extracts of Neem tree leaveshave been evaluated against Coffee Leaf Miner (CLM) eggs, larvae, and pupae in the field. According to the results, CLM pupae showed a mortality of 100 % when treated with Neem treeleaf extract. It alsokilled80 % of CLM eggs and 70 % of larvae (see Further Readings: Tanzania Plant Health And Pesticide Authority Arusha – Tanzania). In Brazil, there are reports of the use of Neem oil to act as an insecticide, repellent, and growth regulator.
In general, extracts of certain local plants, so-called biological pesticides, can serve as control agents of major insect pests in coffee. They can significantly reduce pest populations, leading to healthier coffee plants and improved crop yields and quality.
Advantages of biological pesticides over chemical ones are that they usually affect only the target pests, they are biodegradable, cost-effective, and readily available. Therefore, the adoption of bio pesticides, combined with integrated management practices, contributes to more sustainable coffee farming, preserving the environment and promoting the health of farmers and consumers.
108⸱BTo be considered
Bio pesticides not only impact insect pests but can also have adverse effects on the coffee plant if applied in too high a dosages. The phytotoxic effects include stunted growth, wilting, and discoloration of plant tissues. Therefore, it is crucial to only apply the tested and recommended concentrations and quantities.
To show comprehensive positive results, bio pesticides should be used as part of an integrated pest management strategy, along with other control methods such as natural enemies and cultural practices to ensure proper control of pests.
Also, the monitoring and constant evaluation of pest populations in the field is essential to adjust control strategies accordingly and make informed decisions.
Timing
Neem extract is recommended to be applied with the onset of an insect pest infestation. Spraying should then be done at 14 days’ intervals.
108⸱CImplementation
Materials
Product 1
108⸱1Preparation
108⸱2Procedure
Don’t put the leaves in plain sun but in the shade to preserve the active metabolites inside the plant material.
108⸱3
108⸱4
108⸱5Application
Following the preparation instructions above, you will have received the correct concentration of Neem tree leaf extract as a bio pesticide.
It is crucial only to apply the tested and recommended concentrations and quantities, as the extracts can otherwise damage the coffee plants.
It is recommended to apply during hours that are less hot, like early or late daytime, for the temperatures and UV rates do not denature the bio pesticide.
Storage
- Store the prepared bio pesticide in a cool, dark place that is out of direct sunlight.
- Use a sealed container to maintain its potency.
108⸱DEconomic benefits
Lower pesticide costs
This tool reduces the demand for chemical pesticides and therefore saves input costs over time.
Lower renovation costs
This tool increases the lifespan of the coffee trees. They need to be renovated less frequently which reduces the long-term production costs.
Higher coffee yield
The effects of this tool can lead to a higher coffee yield and therefore a higher income.
Reduction of losses
This tool can prevent losses in coffee yield and quality.
108⸱EGreen benefits
Less pesticides needed
This tool reduces the need for chemical pesticides. This reduces water pollution, protects the ecosystem, improves soil life, and saves resources.
Better soil life
This tool helps improve soil life (microbes, earthworms, etc.). This plays a vital role in plant nutrition and contributes to a healthy ecosystem.
108⸱GComments